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Tung
Oil is pressed from the nuts of Tung tree is known also
as China wood oil and nut oil. Major producing countries are
mainland China (Guizhou, Guangxi , Sichuan , Hubei, Hunan, Yunnan,
Shaanxi, Jiangxi, Henan ) and South America (Argentina and Paraguay),
United States and Africa . Tung tree farms in the southern U.
S. and Argentina now supply tung oil, formerly available
only from China. The oil is still known in some circles as "China
wood oil".
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Tung oil is an
ideal "binder" or "vehicle", carrying the resins and driers
deep into the pores of the wood so that sealer and finish coats
practically become part of the wood - drying into an armor-like
yet beautiful surface.
Tung oil tree (Aleurites fordii), a deciduous shade tree native
to China. It belongs to the Euphorbia Family (Euphorbiaceae)
along with the candlenut tree (A molucanna), another species
with seeds rich in unsaturated oils. For centuries tung
oil has been used for paints and waterproof coatings,
and as a component of caulk and mortar. It is an ingredient
in ink and is commonly used for a lustrous finish on wood.
Some woodworkers consider tung oil to be one of the best natural
finishes for wood. |
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Tung oil tree showing two male flowers and one
female flower (right) in which the petals have fallen off exposing
the pistil.
Other unsaturated plant oils, such as castor oil and linseed
oil, take longer to dry and leave an oily residue until they
soak into the wood surface. Tung oil 's ability to dry quickly
and polymerize into a tough, glossy, waterproof coating has
made it especially valuable in paints, varnishes, linoleum,
oilcloth and printing inks. |
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Drupaceous fruit
and seeds of the tung oil tree. The oil-rich seeds are
produced inside a thick, woody endocarp layer and are the source
of tung oil used on fine furniture.
The pit of a peach (Prunus persica) showing the seed that is
contained inside the hard, woody endocarp layer. The endocarp
is the inner layer of the fruit wall or pericarp. It is surrounded
by a fleshy mesocarp and a thin outer skin or exocarp. Fruits
with an endocarp layer surrounding the seed are called drupes
or drupaceous. The endocarp protects and aids in the dispersal
of the vulnerable seed, especially when it is swallowed
by a hungry herbivore. |
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Tung oil is composed
primarily of eleostearic (elaeostearic) acid, with smaller amounts
of oleic, linoleic and palmitic glycerides. Eleostearic
acid is a crystalline unsaturated fatty acid that exists in
2 stereoisomeric forms: An alpha acid occurring as the glycerol
ester especially in tung oil, and a beta acid obtained from
the alpha; acid by irradiation (9, 11, 13-octadecatrienoic acid).
The chemical structure of tung oil eleostearic acid:
CH3(CH2)3CH=CHCH=CHCH=CH(CH2)7COOH |
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